目录
第一部分 基本概念与技能
第 1 章 工业自动化简介 ···················· 3
1.1 什么是工业自动化 ···· 3
1.1.1 固定自动化系统 ······································ 5
1.1.2 可编程自动化系统 ··································· 5
1.1.3 灵活自动化系统 ····································· 6
1.1.4 集成自动化系统 ······································ 6
1.2 理解工业自动化的层级 ······································ 7
1.2.1 现场层 ·········· 8
1.2.2 控制层 ·········· 8
1.2.3 监督和生产层 ········································· 8
1.3 探索工业自动化的优劣势 ·································· 9
1.3.1 工业自动化的优势 ·································· 9
1.3.2 工业自动化的劣势 ·································· 9
1.4 总结 ····················· 10
1.5 习题 ····················· 10
第 2 章 开关和传感器的工作原理、应用及接线 ·· 11
2.1 开关和传感器概述 ······ 11
2.2 手动操作开关 ········· 12
2.2.1 按钮开关 ······ 12
2.2.2 翘板开关 ······ 13
2.2.3 拨动开关 ······ 14
2.2.4 滑动开关 ······ 15
2.2.5 选择器开关 ··· 15
2.2.6 刀闸开关 ······ 15
2.3 机械操作开关 ········· 15
2.3.1 限位开关 ······ 16
2.3.2 液位开关 ······ 18
2.3.3 压力开关 ······ 21
2.3.4 温度开关 ······ 22
2.4 接近传感器 ············ 24
2.4.1 电容式接近传感器 ·································· 24
2.4.2 电感式接近传感器 ·································· 26
2.4.3 光电式接近传感器 ·································· 27
2.5 总结 ···················· 29
2.6 习题 ····················· 29
第 3 章 执行器及其在工业自动化中的应用 ·······················30
3.1 执行器概述 ············ 30
3.2 电动执行器 ············ 31
3.2.1 直流电机 ······ 32
3.2.2 交流电机 ······ 33
3.2.3 步进电机 ······ 33
3.2.4 伺服电机 ······ 33
3.2.5 电磁阀、电磁继电器和接触器 ··················· 34
3.3 气动执行器 ············ 37
3.3.1 气动直线执行器 ····································· 38
3.3.2 气动旋转执行器 ····································· 39
3.4 液压执行器 ············ 41
3.5 总结 ····················· 42
3.6 习题 ····················· 42
第 4 章 交流、直流及特种电机概述 ································44
4.1 交流电机 ··············· 45
4.1.1 同步交流电机 ········································ 45
4.1.2 异步交流电机（感应电机） ······················· 46
4.1.3 三相电机星形连接和三角形连接的区别 ······· 48
4.1.4 直接在线启动器 ····································· 49
4.2 直流电机 ··············· 52
4.2.1 有刷直流电机 ········································ 52
4.2.2 无刷直流电机 ········································ 54
4.3 步进电机和伺服电机 ········································ 54
4.3.1 单极性步进电机 ····································· 55
4.3.2 双极性步进电机 ····································· 55
4.3.3 如何驱动步进电机 ·································· 55
4.3.4 伺服电机 ······ 57
4.4 总结 ····················· 57
4.5 习题 ····················· 58
第 5 章 变频器概述 ······················· 59
5.1 变频器简介 ············ 59
5.1.1 变频器的工作原理 ·································· 60
5.1.2 变频器的优点 ········································ 61
5.1.3 变频器的缺点 ········································ 62
5.1.4 如何选择变频器 ····································· 62
5.2 变频器接线 ············ 63
5.3 基本的变频器参数设置 ····································· 65
5.4 使用面板按键控制三相电机的启停和速度 ············ 67
5.5 使用按钮或开关控制三相电机正转 / 反转，并用面板按键设置频率（速度） ··········· 68
5.6 使用按钮或开关控制三相电机正转 / 反转，并用电位器（旋钮）设置频率（速度） ···· 69
5.7 总结 ····················· 70
5.8 习题 ····················· 70
第 6 章 使用 CAD 软件绘制原理图和接线图 ·········71
6.1 CAD 软件系统安装要求 ···································· 71
6.2 电气图解析 ············ 72
6.3 PCSCHEMATIC Automation 软件概述 ·················· 73
6.4 下载和安装 PCSCHEMATIC Automation ··············· 74
6.4.1 下载 PCSCHEMATIC Automation ··············· 74
6.4.2 安装 PCSCHEMATIC Automation ················ 76
6.5 启动 PCSCHEMATIC Automation 并探索界面元素 ··· 78
6.5.1 启动应用程序 ········································ 78
6.5.2 探索界面元素 ········································ 78
6.6 在 PCSCHEMATIC Automation 中创建和保存设计方案 ················· 79
6.6.1 创建设计方案 ········································ 79
6.6.2 保存设计方案 ········································ 81
6.7 使用符号、线条、文本、弧 / 圆形和区域工具 ········· 82
6.7.1 使用符号工具 ················ 82
6.7.2 使用线条工具 ·············85
6.7.3 使用文本工具 ················ 87
6.7.4 使用弧 / 圆形工具 ·············· 88
6.7.5 使用区域工具 ··················· 89
6.8 使用 PCSCHEMATIC Automation 绘制直接在线（DOL）启动器的电源和控制电路原理图 ····· 90
6.9 总结 ····················· 99
6.10 习题 ··················· 99
第二部分 深入理解 PLC、HMI 和 SCADA
第 7 章 PLC 硬件及接线详解 ··· 103
7.1 PLC 概述 ············· 104
7.2 PLC 模块详解 ······ 104
7.2.1 电源模块 ···· 104
7.2.2 CPU 模块 ··· 105
7.2.3 输入模块 ···· 105
7.2.4 输出模块 ···· 106
7.2.5 其他 PLC 模块 ················106
7.3 PLC 类型探究 ······· 107
7.3.1 紧凑型 PLC ······················· 107
7.3.2 模块化 PLC ····················· 107
7.4 PLC 扫描周期解析 ···················· 108
7.5 PLC 主要制造商介绍 ··················108
7.6 PLC 接线实践（1）——开关、指示灯和执行器的 PLC 接线 ··························· 109
7.7 PLC 接线实践（2）——接近传感器（三线制）的接线 ····················114
7.7.1 PNP 传感器 ··115
7.7.2 NPN 传感器 ···························115
7.8 PLC 接线实践（3）——光电式传感器（反射式）的接线 ································117
7.9 西门子 S7-1200 PLC（CPU 1211C AC/DC/Relay）的接线示例···························118
7.9.1 接线说明 ···· 120
7.9.2 接线操作说明 ······································ 120
7.10 总结 ················· 121
7.11 习题 ················· 121
第 8 章 PLC 软件概述及 TIA Portal 编程入门 ·································122
8.1 PLC 中的软件与程序概念 ································ 122
8.2 PLC 编程语言介绍 ········································· 123
8.2.1 梯形图 ······· 124
8.2.2 功能块图 ···· 125
8.2.3 指令列表 ···· 126
8.2.4 结构化文本 ···················· 126
8.2.5 顺序功能图 ···················· 127
8.3 PLC 编程设备介绍 ···················127
8.4 了解不同的 PLC 编程软件 ··········128
8.5 理解梯形图的基础知识 ············· 129
8.5.1 探索梯形图程序的基本元素 ···················· 131
8.5.2 梯形图编程规则 ··································· 133
8.6 TIA Portal V13 Professional 和 PLCSIM 的下载与安装 ··············· 135
8.6.1 下载 TIA Portal V13 和 PLCSIM 的步骤 ····· 135
8.6.2 安装 TIA Portal V13 ······························ 136
8.6.3 安装 PLCSIM ····································· 137
8.7 使用西门子 TIA Portal 创建项目并编写程序 ········· 137
8.7.1 常开触点 ···· 142
8.7.2 常闭触点 ···· 143
8.7.3 输出线圈 ···· 144
8.7.4 通用指令框 ····················· 146
8.7.5 并联开路 ···· 150
8.7.6 并联闭路 ···· 151
8.8 总结 ··················· 153
8.9 习题 ··················· 153
第 9 章 TIA Portal 之 PLC 编程深度探索 ··154
9.1 打开已保存的程序 ········································· 155
9.2 使用 Siemens TIA Portal 和 PLCSIM 仿真程序 ······ 157
9.3 PLC 编程中的锁存和解锁 ································ 167
9.3.1 使用常开按钮实现启动和停止的锁存和解锁程序 ································· 167
9.3.2 使用常开按钮启动和常闭按钮停止的锁存和解锁程序 ··························· 168
9.4 在程序中将输出地址用作输入 ·························· 170
9.5 使用置位输出和复位输出指令 ·························· 171
9.5.1 置位输出：-（S） ·································· 171
9.5.2 复位输出：-（R） ··············· 172
9.6 使用定时器操作指令 ·············· 173
9.6.1 接通延时定时器 ················ 173
9.6.2 断开延时定时器 ··············176
9.7 使用计数器操作指令 ············· 176
9.7.1 加计数 ······· 177
9.7.2 减计数 ······· 179
9.8 使用移动操作指令 ···············180
9.9 使用比较操作指令 ·················181
9.10 使用 PLC 进行液位控制 ································ 183
9.11 使用 PLC 的自动灌装、封盖和包装系统 ··········· 186
9.12 总结 ················· 189
9.13 习题 ················· 190
第 10 章 人机界面全面解析 ··············· 191
10.1 人机界面简介 ····· 192
10.2 探索 HMI 的应用 ······················ 193
10.3 理解 HMI 的编程和开发 ································ 194
10.4 了解 HMI 编程软件 ······································ 194
10.5 了解主要的 HMI 制造商及其编程软件 ·············· 194
10.6 PLC 和 HMI 的接口设计 ································ 195
10.6.1 创建项目与添加 PLC ··························· 196
10.6.2 PLC 程序配置 ···································· 198
10.6.3 PLC 程序下载与仿真 ··························· 200
10.6.4 HMI 设备选择 ···································· 202
10.6.5 HMI 与 PLC 的通信配置 ······················ 205
10.6.6 配置搅拌电机控制 ····························· 218
10.7 将程序下载到 PLC 和 HMI ····························· 228
10.7.1 将程序下载到 PLC ······························ 228
10.7.2 将程序下载到 HMI ······························ 233
10.8 总结 ················· 238
10.9 习题 ················· 238
第 11 章 探索监控与数据采集系统 ······························· 239
11.1 SCADA 系统简介 ········································· 239
11.2 理解 SCADA 系统的功能 ······························· 240
11.3 SCADA 系统的应用领域 ······························· 241
11.4 SCADA 系统的硬件组成概览 ························· 241
11.5 SCADA 软件概述 ········································· 243
11.5.1 mySCADA 简介 ·································· 243
11.5.2 下载和安装 mySCADA 软件 ·················· 244
11.6 使用 mySCADA 软件将 SCADA 与 S7-1200 PLC 对接 ···························· 249
11.6.1 TIA Portal 编程 ··································· 249
11.6.2 为 PC 分配 IP 地址 ······························ 257
11.6.3 创建 myDESIGNER 项目 ······················ 260
11.6.4 在 myDESIGNER 项目中创建画面 ·········· 268
11.7 总结 ················· 280
11.8 习题 ················· 280
第三部分 过程控制、工业网络与智能工厂
第 12 章 过程控制基础 ································ 285
12.1 过程控制概述 ····· 286
12.2 过程控制术语 ····· 289
12.3 ISA 符号体系 ······ 290
12.4 温度测量与变送器 ····················· 293
12.5 压力测量与变送器 ··················· 294
12.6 液位测量与变送器 ···················· 295
12.7 流量测量与变送器 ····················· 296
12.8 理解过程控制回路的原理 ······························ 297
12.9 单回路过程控制的实践案例 ··························· 298
12.10 用于过程控制的 PLC（西门子 S7-1200）模拟输入的接线和编程实践 ············· 300
12.10.1 理解模拟信号 ··································· 300
12.10.2 读取模拟值 ······································ 302
12.10.3 标准化和比例缩放 ····························· 302
12.10.4 模拟输入信号处理实际演示 ················· 303
12.11 总结 ················ 331
12.12 习题 ················ 332
第 13 章 工业网络和通信协议基础 ······························· 333
13.1 工业网络概述 ····· 333
13.2 网络拓扑结构 ····· 334
13.2.1 点对点拓扑 ······································· 334
13.2.2 总线拓扑 ·· 335
13.2.3 星型拓扑 ·· 336
13.2.4 环形拓扑 ·· 336
13.3 网络媒介——有线和无线（蓝牙、Wi-Fi 和蜂窝通信——1G、2G、3G、4G 和 5G） ······························· 337
13.4 网络连接器和其他网络组件 ··························· 339
13.5 网络协议解析 ····· 340
13.5.1 有线网络协议 ···································· 340
13.5.2 无线网络协议 ···································· 341
13.6 常见工业网络协议——Foundation Fieldbus（基金会现场总线） ······················· 341
13.7 常见工业网络协议——PROFIBUS（过程现场总线） ····································· 343
13.7.1 PROFIBUS DP（分散式外围设备） ·········· 343
13.7.2 PROFIBUS PA（过程自动化） ················ 344
13.8 常见工业网络协议——Modbus ························ 345
13.8.1 Modbus RTU 远程终端单元 ·················· 346
13.8.2 Modbus 传输控制协议 / 网际协议（TCP/IP） ······································· 347
13.9 常见工业网络协议——HART ·························· 348
13.10 常见工业网络协议——PROFINET ·················· 350
13.11 总结 ················ 352
13.12 习题 ················ 353
第 14 章 5G 驱动的智能工厂（工业 4.0）探索 ······································ 354
14.1 理解工业 4.0 ······· 354
14.2 探索工业 4.0 的关键技术 ······························· 355
14.3 工业 4.0 的优势分析 ····································· 357
14.4 构建智能工厂的基本步骤 ······························ 357
14.5 5G 赋能的智能工厂的优势 ····························· 358
14.6 PLC 或机器数据云端连接实践 ························ 359
14.7 总结 ················· 360
14.8 习题 ················· 361
习题答案 ··········· 362
